Biodiversity assessment of Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an environmental impacted area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

ABSTRACT From October 1994 to September 1996, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro State, phlebotomines were captured on the walls of the houses by means of a manual suction tube and light traps, in the household, the peridomicile and in the forest. As it is an area undergoing a real expansion and an increment in the local tourism, with the purpose of assessing changes in the phlebotomine fauna caused by environmental changes in the region, new captures were made in the same location from October 2015 to September 2016, this time using only light traps. In the two phases of the study, a total of 6,681 phlebotomines were captured. The results indicated that Ny. intermedia and Mg. migonei are fully adapted to this anthropic environment, while Pi. fischeri was more abundant and eclectic, and was probably attracted to exercise hematophagy. Nyssomyia intermedia can be suggested as the main vector of the etiological agent of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the studied areas. Pintomyia fischeri can also transmit Leishmania braziliensis, both in the environment altered by human action, and in the wild environment. Phlebotomines were captured in greater numbers between 6 and 8 pm in the peridomicile and between 9 and 11 pm in the household. The highest densities of phlebotomines were recorded in December, January and February. Despite almost 20 years between the two studies in the municipality of Mangaratiba, there was no change in the profile of the phlebotomine fauna in general; however, there was a greater density of species of medical importance in areas that suffered environmental impacts.

Nocturnal activity rhythm of nyssomyia intermedia (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in campus fiocruz mata atlântica, an american cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Nyssomyia intermedia is an important vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: Sand flies were captured in a Shannon trap and after landing on human collectors and retrieved monthly. Nocturnal activity was estimated using a log-linear model. RESULTS: Peak sand fly collection in the Shannon trap occurred in summer and winter, and peak fly collection on humans occurred in spring and summer. CONCLUSIONS: Ny. intermedia was captured in both the hottest and coldest months, indicating its adaptability to different seasons and the possibility of disease transmission at any time of the year in Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Brazil.

Studies on Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Campus FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica, Jacarepaguá, in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The presence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the communities of the Campus FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (CFMA) in the City of Rio de Janeiro initiated the investigation of the Phlebotominae fauna in the Atlantic Forest to determine the occurrence of putative ACL vectors associated with the enzootic cycle. METHODS: For 24 consecutive months, sand flies were captured inside the forest and in the border area near the communities. RESULTS: The following sand fly species were identified: Brumptomyia brumpti, Brumptomyia cunhai, Brumptomyia nitzulescui, Lutzomyia edwardsi, Lutzomyia pelloni, and Lutzomyia quinquefer. Other identified sand fly vectors, such as Lutzomyia intermedia (the predominant species), Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia fischeri, and Lutzomyia hirsuta hirsuta, are associated with ACL transmission, and the vector for American visceral leishmaniases (AVL), Lutzomyia longipalpis, was also found. CONCLUSIONS: All sand fly vectors were found in both studied environments except for Lutzomyia whitmani, which was only identified in the forest. This study represents the first identification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the CFMA, and the epidemiological implications are discussed. .

ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF PHLEBOTOMINES (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) IN AN AREA OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS OCCURRENCE, MUNICIPALITY OF ANGRA DOS REIS, COAST OF RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL / Aspectos da ecologia dos flebotomineos (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) em area de ocorrencia de leishmaniose tegumentar, Municipio de Angra dos Reis, orla maritima do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Over a complete two-year period, phlebotomine specimens were caught in an area of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence in the municipality of Angra dos Reis. A manual suction tube was used to catch phlebotomines on house walls, and also light traps in domestic and peridomestic settings and in the forest. This yielded 14,170 specimens of 13 species: two in the genus Brumptomyia and eleven in the genus Lutzomyia. L. intermedia predominantly in domestic and peridomestic settings, with little presence in the forest, with the same trend being found in relation to L. migonei, thus proving that these species have adapted to the human environment. L. fischeri appeared to be eclectic regarding location, but was seen to be proportionally more endophilic. L. intermedia and L. migonei were more numerous in peridomestic settings, throughout the year, while L. fischeri was more numerous in domestic settings except in March, April, May and September. From the prevalence of L. intermedia, its proven anthropophily and findings of this species naturally infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, it can be incriminated as the main vector for this agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area, especially in the peridomestic environment. L. fischeri may be a coadjuvant in carrying the parasite.

Durante dois anos completos foram feitas capturas de flebotomíneos em área de leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Angra dos Reis. Utilizou-se tubo de sucção manual, para as capturas dos flebotomíneos pousados nas paredes da casa, além de armadilhas luminosas, no domicílio, peridomicílio e na mata. Foram obtidos 14.170 exemplares, de treze espécies, duas do gênero Brumptomyia França & Parrot 1921 e onze do gênero Lutzomyia França 1924. L. intermedia teve supremacia no peridomicílio e no domicílio, com pouca presença na mata, o mesmo ocorreu com L. migonei, comprovando a adaptação dessas espécies ao ambiente humano. L. fischeri aparece com característica eclética quanto ao local, mostrando-se proporcionalmente mais endófila. L. intermedia e L. migonei foram mais numerosas no peridomicílio, durante todos os meses do ano, enquanto L. fischeri, excetuando os meses de março, abril, maio e setembro, foi mais numerosa no domicílio. Pela prevalência, comprovada antropofilia e por ter sido encontrada infectada naturalmente por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, L. intermedia pode ser incriminada como o principal vetor desse agente da leishmaniose tegumentar na área de estudo, sobretudo no ambiente peridomiciliar. L. fischeri, pelas características apresentadas, pode ser um coadjuvante na veiculação do parasita.

Contribuição ao conhecimento da fauna de flebotomíneos do Estado do Acre, com ênfase em Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis Ward e Fraiha, 1977, importante transmissor de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana na Amazônia: biologia, morfometria e discussão da identidade taxonômica / Contribution to the knowledge of the sand fly fauna of the Stae of Acre, with emphasis on Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis Ward and Fraiha, 1977, important vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Amazonian: biology, morphometry and discussi

A hipótese de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) umbratilis, transmissor de LTA na Amazônica, ser complexo de espécies, por não transmitir Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, ao sul do rio Amazonas, onde apresentaria padrão comportamental diferenciado, é discutida no presente estudo. Realizaram-se capturas de flebotomíneos com armadilhas luminosas CDC no Estado do Acre, Municípios de Bujari, Xapuri e Rio Branco, para avaliar aspectos da biologia, morfologia e morfometria de L. (N.) umbratilis e da sua competência em transmitir L. (V.) guyanensis. Estimou-se a abundância da espécie (ISA/SISA) no solo e na copa das árvores, além da pesquisa de infecção natural. Resultados das análises morfológica e morfométrica da população do Estado do Acre foram comparados com dados de outras populações brasileiras (Amapá, Pará, Amazonas e Mato Grosso) e venezuelana (Bolívar). Aplicaram-se testes estatísticos (ANOVA e SNK) para verificar a homogeneidade entre as populações. Resulatdos do teste SNK foram representados pelos diagramas de Euler-Veen. A partir dos dados morfométricos foi construído um fenograma, baseado no coeficiente de Jaccards. Análises (ANOVA e SNK) compararam as populações de L. (N.) umbratilis separadas por barreiras geográficas no Brasil e no Continente Americano. Durante quatro anos capturaram-se 7.302 espécimes em 915 horas. Identificaram-se 52 espécies, destas L. (N.) antunesi, L. (N.) whitmani, L. (P.) davisi, L. migonei, L. (N.) umbratilis, L. (N.) flaviscutellata, L. (T.) ubiquitalis, L. (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, L. (P.) paraensis e L. (P.) ayrozai, transmissoras d LTA. L. (N.)umbratilis ocorreu nos três municípios trabalhados. Considerando coletas sistematizadas, em duas áreas, L. (N.) umbratilis foi a quinta espécie mais abundante; sendo mais freqüente no Parque Municipal Ambiental Chico Mendes, Rio Branco; a estratificação vertical registrou L. (N.) umbratilis nos dois estratos, predominando na copa das árvores. L. (N.) umbratilis do Acre apresentou...brasileiras.